The term disvalue is not part of the dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE). The concept, however, is used in different contexts and with different scopes.
A deviation from a value (an estimable, positive quality) is called a disvalue. A value can be understood as the middle point between two extremes: absence and excess. The exaggeration of a value, in this framework, is called disvalue.
The courage, for example, is a value. The lack of it is called cowardice; to exaggeration, recklessness. Recklessness, in short, is a disvalue since it is a distortion of courage.
We can establish that there is a long list of disvalues, among which we can highlight some such as the following:
-Among those of social class, contempt, individualistic egotism, irresponsibility…
-In the case of aesthetic disvalues we run into ugliness, vulgarity or imitation.
-If we talk about the economic type, we can emphasize stealing, poverty or disloyalty.
-At the intellectual level, the most significant disvalues are pride, exploitation, humiliation or superiority.
-From an affective point of view, we can establish that the main disvalues are homicide or violence.
-A moral level we also find disvalues such as intolerance, pride, contempt or hopelessness.
-From a religious point of view we also run into disvalues. Good examples of this are sectarianism, atheism, disbelief or fanaticism, for example.
If we take prudence as an example, which is the ability to check and analyze the aspects of a question before making a decision, we find that there may be two disvalues with respect to it. Thus, we can determine that there would be recklessness, which is an absence of prudence.
In the event that we start from responsibility, which is the process of making decisions and assuming their consequences, we can find two types of disvalues: irresponsibility, that an absence of that, and hyperresponsibility that, on the contrary, it is an excess of responsibility.
An impairment, on the other hand, is a loss that cannot be quantified in economic terms. Suppose a man, by an accident, loses his hands. Because a huge number of tasks that are carried out on a day-to-day basis require the use of the hands, there is no way to estimate, economically, how much the subject in question lost. The individual, therefore, carries a disvalue.
It can also be considered as a detriment to the detriment suffered by a value. The legal certainty, to mention one case is based on trust in the value laws that protect rights. When legal security is respected, the person can count on tranquility and certainty in their actions. On the other hand, certain socio-political decisions can lead to the correlative disvalue that causes restlessness and uncertainty in citizens. This is because, since legal security is not guaranteed, people can be left unprotected.