In the field of physics, it is called when a force to the extent that is obtained multiplying the value of force by the distance that remains to a certain extent. Depending on their characteristics, it is possible to recognize various moments of this kind.
The bending moment, also known as bending moment or bending moment is the moment of force resulting from the distribution of the stresses in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along which bending is generated or a prismatic piece is flexed.
Another possible definition starts from the perpendicular linear elements and speaks of a function that runs through the neutral axis, in which the variable x is equivalent to the length on said axis. Here another concept appears, that of the neutral axis (also known as a neutral line or fiber ), the curved material surface of a plate or a mechanical prism that deforms due to bending and separates the compressed area from the tensile area.
The slabs, the pillars and beams usually register bending moments because they tend to deform by bending (bending or curvature). When the bending moment generates tensions in the upper sectors, it is a negative moment that results in a convex curvature; On the other hand, if the bending moment causes stresses in the lower zones, it refers to a positive moment that causes a concave curvature.
It should be noted that the flexor moment is zero at the point of inflection. There the curvature changes from concave to convex (or vice versa).
It can be stated that the flexor moment is the sum, with respect to an axis, of the moments of the forces of extension and compression that act simultaneously. To symbolize the bending moment is appealed to a capital letter ' M: M.
Finally, the graphical representation of the changes in the magnitude of a flexor moment is called the flexor moment diagram. This graph shows the modifications that occur along the axis when certain transverse loads are registered and with certain support conditions.
If the equilibrium conditions are met, the bending moment is equivalent to the resultant force of all those found on one of its two sides, that is, it coincides with a force that could produce the same effect as all the others together. As the same element can be affected by different distributed loads, moments and forces, the flexor moment diagram presents variations in its development.
* M (x) is the displacement, either of the elastic or vertical curve; * E is the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the beam material;
* I is the area moment of inertia of the transverse part of the beam.
At this point it is necessary to briefly define the concept of elastic curve. It is framed in a straight beam and it is one that is deformed by its bending of the longitudinal axis, due to the transverse loads being applied on the xy plane of it.
The longitudinal or Young's modulus of elasticity, on the other hand, is a parameter that serves to measure the behavior of an elastic material according to the direction in which it exerts a force on it. It was first observed in the 19th century by scientist Thomas Young.