From the Latin Fauna (goddess of fertility), fauna is called the set of animals in a geographic region. The species typical of a geological period or a specific ecosystem form this group, whose survival and development depend on biotic and abiotic factors.
Changes in habitat can affect wildlife life. In even the most drastic cases, these changes can lead to the extinction of a species. A native or autochthonous species is known as one that appears in a region as a result of a natural phenomenon, without the intervention of human beings.
A foreign or exotic species is the non-native species that was introduced into an ecosystem by man, either accidentally or deliberately. Finally, invasive species are those that managed to establish themselves in a new region, where they generate changes in the composition of the environment.
The fauna can be divided into wild fauna (it does not need man for its food and development) and domestic fauna (species subject to the control of man). The specialists also speak of the fauna in the process of domestication, with those wild animals that, raised by man, lose their wild characteristics.
Beyond their different characteristics, all animals are part of the fauna. Dogs, horses, cows, mice, lions, cats, elephants and giraffes, for example, are species that make up this group.
In another sense, fauna is called the set of people that is characterized by a common behavior. For example: "The juvenile fauna of the town gathered at the beer festival . "
Wildlife in the face of climate change
In recent decades, the effects of experimentation and the passage of human beings on earth have caused severe problems in ecosystems, to the point that not only many microclimates have changed, but also various species of flora and fauna have disappeared. fauna.
Despite the fact that climate change does not receive the attention it should and that its risks are absolutely decisive for the balance of the planet, its consequences on life can corrupt every corner, causing terrible situations for the survival of many species.
When modifying the habitat of a place, those animals that reside there have two options: adapt to the changes or perish. In many cases, species cannot adapt and that is why they try to emigrate, but many are unable to seek a better life and disappear from the face of the earth forever.
The fundamental problems that favor change are erosion, the greenhouse effect, deforestation, high levels of pollution, global warming, and they bring many animals to the brink of extinction.
The speed with which the changes occur is also a determining factor for the extinction of the species, since if these occur at accelerated steps, the fauna does not have the possibility of genetically transmitting certain changes that favor its ability to adapt to new environments..
With regard to birds, their distribution will be clearly affected and their migratory behavior will vary notably as they cannot travel in search of food to previously warm and now hostile lands and all this will lead them to extinction.